Utilitarianism- or greatest good for greatest number of beings
Adam Smith- saw economic growth & a consumer oriented society through self- interested in a world or unlimited natural resources. An advocate of laissez- faire economics
Toleration Patent- exteneded to Lutherans, calvinitst, greek orthodox & to the jews but on a lesser scale
Josephism- which made religious insttitutions & people emplyed by them subordinate to the state
Estate General- Clergy,Aristocracy, Everbody else
Journees- or days when the population of paris directed the course of the Revoulution
Great Fear- the turning of the peasants against the aristocrats in the provinces
Issued Assignats- or goverment bonds to help lessen the debt
Civil Constitution of the Clergy- made the R.C church a brach of the secular state
Emigres- who fled to france ( political exiles)
Girondists-(radical Jacobins)&the king favored a war/austria for diffrenet reasons. Following a clash between the Paris Commune & the Swiss Guards at the Tuileries
Mountain- or the ultra-radical Jacobins in the convention and led to the death of Louis XVI, a coalition war against france & domestic uprising within France
Repubulic of Virtue- a society of revolutionary reason & a dechristianized society
Thermidorian Reaction- came about through the efforts of the wealthy middle class & professionals against the vilolence of the terror & the rule of the Parisian sans-culottes
White Terror- a counterexecution on those responsible for the terror. a revival of catholic worship
Directory- of the executive branch(establishment of a 5 man)
Code Napolean- made french laws more uniform & more just
Berlin Decrees- that forbids his allies form importing british goods
Milan Decrees- to stop neutral system
Peninsular campaign-(1807-1814) in spain was a vicious guerillia war
Quadruple Alliance-(Britain,Russia,Austria,Prussia) formation of a 20 year
Charles XII- fought the debilitating great northern war w/russia it exhausted sweden economically & military. After charles death sweden fragmented internally
The Liberum Veto- in the polish sejm kept poland fragmented. this veto was known as "exploding the diet"
Mississippi bubble-or companies de occident was an economic investment disaster of john law requiring an increase in paper securites
The French parlemnets- local law courts could recognize or not royal laws
James III the old pretender
Robert Walpole- 1st P.m. of England
Pragmatic Sanction- for his daughter maria theresa (Charles VI&no sons)
Frederick Williams I- expanded ther army streaming the bureacracy & the personally ran the goverment through lover officials he was not militarly aggressive
Peter the great- Russia was insular country that did not participate in he affairs of centeral & western Europe
Merchantilisim- the Key is a strong navy & stong merchant shipping
Diplomatic Revolution- of 1756 or the reversal of alliances
Proclamation Act of 1763- limited settlement too east of the appalacians
Sugar Act 1764-put a tax on imports
stamp act1765-put a tax on legal documents & newspapers
Declaratory act1766-said that parliament had the power to legislate for the colonies
Townshed Duties1767- put taxes on certain imported goods all duties were repealed except that on tea
Quebec Act1774-extended the boundaries of Quebec into the Ohio River valley
Treaty of Paris- singed ending the American Revolution
George III(1760-1820)sought to circumvent the hold that the Whig Families had on Parliament by appointing his own P.M’s
John Wilkes- Editor of the N. Britain & a critic of the kings administration
Philosophers- were writers & critics who sought to apply the rule of reason & common sense to nearly all the major institution & social practices of their day
Voltaire- was an admirer of England for its tolerance both religious & intellectual
Montesquieu- was a member of the aristocratic class who worked in the gov’t
Deism- was a philosophy that saw religion as natural & rational rather than supernatural & mystical

Amplitude- distance between mid point and maximum crest of a wave
Antinodes- the position on a standing wave where the largest ampitudes occur
Blue Shift- An increase in the measured frequencey of light from an approching source
Bow wave- The V-shaped wave produced by an object moving ona liquid surface
Constuctive Interfence- two or more wave crest overlap
Doppler Effect- The change in frequency of a wave due to the motion of source reaciver
Frequencey- the number of events per time measured in hertz
hertz- the SI unit of frequencey one vibration per second
In phase-term for two or more crests who arrive at the same place at the same time
Interference- pattern formed by overlapping of two waves or more waves
Longtutudinal Wave- Vibration is in the same direction
Node- Any part of standing wave that remains stationary
Amprphous- random arragnments of atoms
Crystline- Fixed arangment of atoms
Malleability- The bendability of something
Ductility- how well you can shape a metal without breaking it
Tensile Strength- is how much force you can apply to something before it breaks
Elastic Limit- how far you can stretch something before it breaks
Bernoulli's principle- pressure in a fluid decreades as the speed of the fluid increases
Buoyancy- The apparent loss of weight of an object submerged ina fluid
heat capacity- how fast something gets hot or cold or cool down
Heat- form of energy
Temperature- is the quantity which tells how hot or cold something is
Thermol Expansion-

In many ways Macbeth is a tragic hero. In the beginning he was seen as a great man who has brought about good. In act one before you meet Macbeth in scene two he’s talked about valulantly amongst the king Duncan, Malcom, and the Captain. They speak of Macbeth being a hero and he thus becomes the Thane of Cowdor. The king proceeds to name Macbeth Thane after hearing the good news of his deeds “ No more that Thane of Cowdor shall deceive our bosom interest. Go pronounce his presents death and with his former title greet Macbeth (I.II.63-65)”. Starting out in the beginning of the play in all actuallity, he was a hero. It wasn’t until after he crossed paths with the three witches and they spwed their evil prophesies of him becoming Thane and eventually king.
Banquo and Macbeth were best friends until the act III scene I. Banquo says “ thou has it now : king, Cawdor, Glamis, all as the weird women promised, and I fear thou play’dst foully for’t. Yet it was said it should not stand in the posterity, But that myself should be the root and father of many kings. If thee come truth form them as upon thee, Macbeth, their speeches shine- why, by the verities on thee made good, May they not be my oracles as well and set me up in hope ? But hush no more (III.I.1-10)”. By saying this there’s an underline understanding the Banquo is in many ways accusing Macbeth for the death of King Duncan. Besides Macbeth Banquo is the only other person who knows of the three witches proophesies. Banquo is very suspisious of his ex-best friend. Macbeth is changing in all the wrong ways, he started off being a hero and eventually losses site of who he is when his wife pushes him to do the dirty deeds.Banquo serves as a foil to Macbeth, showing an alternate react to prophecy. Banquo retains his morals and allegiances, but ends up dying. He is brave and ambitious, but this is tempered by intelligence.
Banquo is the honest one of out of Macbeth and his self. In act I scene III, while Banquo and Macbeth are walking they run into the witches and when they run into the witches and when they start giving their prophaseis Banquo says “ Good sir, why do you start and seem to fear, Things that do sound so far?
I’ th’ name of truth are ye fantastical or that indeed which outwardly ye show? My noble partner you greet with present grace and great pridiction of boble having and of royal hope that seems rapt withal, to me you speak not if you can look into the seeds of time any say which grain will grow and which will not speak then to me who neither beg nor fear you favor nor you hate (I.III.50-62) Banquo turns a blind eye to what the three sisters are saying to Macbeth and himself . Macbeth seems to have some feelings to what they are saying. “ Stay you imperfect speakers tell me more by Sinel’s death I know I am thane of Glamis but how of Cawdor? The Thane of Cawdor lives, A prosperous gentlemen... Upon this lasted heath you stop our way with such prophetic greeting? Speak I charge you”. (I.III.69-7 There is a questionalbe curiosity in the tone of Macbeth voice but it’s not until his wife finds the news that she turns him into an evil kaniving man.
Lady Macbeth is no where near innocent in the killing of King Duncan and changing Macbeth for the worst. The thought of killing his own blood cousin would not haven crossed his mind if it were not for her. Lady Macbeth is even more power hugry then Macbeth I searly in the play. Lady Macbeth is a good wife who loves her husband. She is also ambitious but lacks the morals of her husband. To achieve her ambition, she rids of herself of any kindness that might stand in the way. However, she runs out of energy to supress her conscience and kills herself. In the beginning she says “ The raven himself is hoarse that croaks the fatal entrance of Duncan under my battlements. Come you spirits that tend no mortal thoughst, unsex me here and fill me, from the crown to the toe, top-full of direst cruelty Make thick my blood stip up th’ access and passage to remorse that no compunctious visiting of nature shake me fell purpose nor keep peace between th’ effect and it Come to my womans breast and take my milk for gall... That my keen knife see not the wound...this ignorant present and I feel now the future in the instant”. ( I.V.35-56). She would have killed the king herslef if he hadn’t reminded her of her father when sleeping. Ever since she had Macbeth kill the king and then after he took out the guards for fear they would have said somthing about seeing him, Macbeth became a ruthless vicious killer. Taking out any one who stood in his way of becoming king and pleasing himslef and his queally ruthless wife Lady Macbeth.

In conclusion, the prophecies given to him by the witches, Lady MacBeth's influence and plan, all contributed greatly to his degeneration of character which resulted to his eventual death. Macbeth character displays strong signs of a tragic hero, making him the ideal classic example of a tragic hero. After Macbeth assassinates king Duncan killing comes naturally to him. It seems to be his only solution to get what was promised to him. Lady Macbeth is the one who introduced murder to him. But, in the end they both get the short end of the karma stick in this blood bath tragedy. This is what happens to those who get to greedy with power.